{"id":7735,"date":"2014-02-02T10:27:59","date_gmt":"2014-02-02T12:27:59","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/treetech.com.br\/en\/articles\/others\/experiencia-com-a-monitoracao-on-line-de-transformadores-elevadores-da-usina-de-tucurui-2"},"modified":"2016-09-12T17:10:59","modified_gmt":"2016-09-12T20:10:59","slug":"step-up-transformer-online-monitoring-experience-in-tucurui-power-plant","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/treetech.com.br\/en\/step-up-transformer-online-monitoring-experience-in-tucurui-power-plant\/","title":{"rendered":"Step Up Transformer Online Monitoring Experience in Tucuru\u00ed Power Plant"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"wpb-content-wrapper\">[vc_row][vc_column width=&#8221;2\/3&#8243;][vc_column_text]\n<h1><strong>Abstract<\/strong><\/h1>\n<p class=\"Abstract\"><span lang=\"EN-US\">The Step Up Transformers at the Tucuru\u00ed Hydroelectric Power Plant are very important for the National Interconnected System (SIN). Due to that, and due to the severe work conditions, Eletrobr\u00e1s Eletronorte has always kept a rigorous preventive maintenance program for these equipments. However, transformer failure history in the first powerhouse (older ones) led to the implantation of the online monitoring system, in order to detect the defects when they start, and mitigate the risks even more.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"Abstract\"><span lang=\"EN-US\">System installation started in 2006, with sensors and software. Four transformers which were already operating began to be monitored and implantation for three more was in progress, taking advantage of the modularity and expandability features of the decentralized architecture used.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"Abstract\"><span lang=\"EN-US\">The Architecture and the solutions applied in system implantation, as well as the results obtained, will be described in this paper. Some of the goals successfully attained were easier insurance negotiation for some equipment and more safety for the personnel, the equipment and the facility.<\/span><\/p>\n[\/vc_column_text]<div class=\"vcex-spacing wpex-w-100 wpex-clear\" style=\"height:10px;\"><\/div>[vc_accordion][vc_accordion_tab title=&#8221;Authors&#8221;][vc_column_text]\n<table class=\" alignleft\" style=\"color: #7e7c7c; height: 121px;\" width=\"443\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"td_item\" style=\"font-weight: bold; text-align: left;\">Eletrobras Eletronorte<\/td>\n<td>Jos\u00e9 Aliezio A. Severo<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"td_item\" style=\"font-weight: bold; text-align: left;\">Eletrobras Eletronorte<\/td>\n<td>Klaxon V. Fantin<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"td_item\" style=\"font-weight: bold; text-align: left;\">Treetech Sistemas Digitais Ltda.<\/td>\n<td>Marcos E. G. Alves<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_accordion_tab][\/vc_accordion][\/vc_column][vc_column width=&#8221;1\/3&#8243;][vc_single_image image=&#8221;6217&#8243; img_size=&#8221;thumbnail&#8221; alignment=&#8221;center&#8221;]<div class=\"vcex-spacing wpex-w-100 wpex-clear\"><\/div><style>.vcex-button.vcex_69d7cb7acc7da{background:#b2b2b2;color:#ffffff!important;}.vcex-button.vcex_69d7cb7acc7da:hover{background:#008242!important;}<\/style><div class=\"theme-button-wrap textcenter theme-button-block-wrap wpex-block wpex-clear wpex-clr\"><a href=\"http:\/\/treetech.com.br\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/XXISNPTEE_Eletronorte_MonitoracaoTucurui_2011_eng.pdf\" class=\"vcex-button theme-button flat grey medium align-center block vcex_69d7cb7acc7da\" title=\"Download\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><span class=\"vcex-button-inner theme-button-inner wpex-flex wpex-flex-wrap wpex-items-center wpex-justify-center\"><span class=\"vcex-button-icon vcex-icon-wrap theme-button-icon-left\"><span class=\"wpex-icon\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewBox=\"0 0 512 512\"><path d=\"M64 464l48 0 0 48-48 0c-35.3 0-64-28.7-64-64L0 64C0 28.7 28.7 0 64 0L229.5 0c17 0 33.3 6.7 45.3 18.7l90.5 90.5c12 12 18.7 28.3 18.7 45.3L384 304l-48 0 0-144-80 0c-17.7 0-32-14.3-32-32l0-80L64 48c-8.8 0-16 7.2-16 16l0 384c0 8.8 7.2 16 16 16zM176 352l32 0c30.9 0 56 25.1 56 56s-25.1 56-56 56l-16 0 0 32c0 8.8-7.2 16-16 16s-16-7.2-16-16l0-48 0-80c0-8.8 7.2-16 16-16zm32 80c13.3 0 24-10.7 24-24s-10.7-24-24-24l-16 0 0 48 16 0zm96-80l32 0c26.5 0 48 21.5 48 48l0 64c0 26.5-21.5 48-48 48l-32 0c-8.8 0-16-7.2-16-16l0-128c0-8.8 7.2-16 16-16zm32 128c8.8 0 16-7.2 16-16l0-64c0-8.8-7.2-16-16-16l-16 0 0 96 16 0zm80-112c0-8.8 7.2-16 16-16l48 0c8.8 0 16 7.2 16 16s-7.2 16-16 16l-32 0 0 32 32 0c8.8 0 16 7.2 16 16s-7.2 16-16 16l-32 0 0 48c0 8.8-7.2 16-16 16s-16-7.2-16-16l0-64 0-64z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span>Download<span class=\"vcex-button-icon vcex-icon-wrap theme-button-icon-right\"><span class=\"wpex-icon\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewBox=\"0 0 512 512\"><path d=\"M288 32c0-17.7-14.3-32-32-32s-32 14.3-32 32V274.7l-73.4-73.4c-12.5-12.5-32.8-12.5-45.3 0s-12.5 32.8 0 45.3l128 128c12.5 12.5 32.8 12.5 45.3 0l128-128c12.5-12.5 12.5-32.8 0-45.3s-32.8-12.5-45.3 0L288 274.7V32zM64 352c-35.3 0-64 28.7-64 64v32c0 35.3 28.7 64 64 64H448c35.3 0 64-28.7 64-64V416c0-35.3-28.7-64-64-64H346.5l-45.3 45.3c-25 25-65.5 25-90.5 0L165.5 352H64zm368 56a24 24 0 1 1 0 48 24 24 0 1 1 0-48z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/div> [\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row][vc_column]<div class=\"vcex-spacing wpex-w-100 wpex-clear\"><\/div>[vc_text_separator title=&#8221;1.0 &#8211; INTRODUCTION&#8221; element_type=&#8221;div&#8221; span_color=&#8221;#008842&#8243;]<div class=\"vcex-spacing wpex-w-100 wpex-clear\"><\/div>[vc_column_text]With the highest installed power among Brazilian plants, 8370MW, Tucuru\u00ed hydroelectric power plant has 23 three phase Step Up Transformers, 13.8\/550kV, 12 378MVA ones (first powerhouse &#8211; transformers which have been operating for up to 18 years) and 11 405MVA ones (second powerhouse &#8211; transformers which have been operating for up to 7 years), connected to SF6 insulated bus bars and cooled by oil-water exchangers.<\/p>\n<p>Those transformers play a critical role in the transmission of the generated energy, and are therefore essential to operate the Brazilian National Power Interconnected System (SIN). Given the importance of those equipments and their severe work conditions, including high temperatures and normal dielectric demands from the system operation, Eletrobr\u00e1s Eletronorte has always kept them in a strict preventive maintenance program.<\/p>\n<p>However, past step up transformer failures have showed that this approach was not enough. This led to the implantation of an online monitoring system to reduce failure risk with the detection of the main types of defects when they are still incipient. Preventive maintenance usually is not enough to guarantee this detection.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row][vc_column]<div class=\"vcex-spacing wpex-w-100 wpex-clear\"><\/div>[vc_text_separator title=&#8221;2.0 &#8211; TRANSFORMER FAILURE STATISTICS&#8221; element_type=&#8221;div&#8221; span_color=&#8221;#008842&#8243;]<div class=\"vcex-spacing wpex-w-100 wpex-clear\"><\/div>[vc_row_inner][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;2\/3&#8243;][vc_column_text]An international research by Cigr\u00e9, involving operating transformer power performance [1], including failure data collected between 1968 and 1978 from over 1,000 failures, has revealed the main causes of either mandatory or planned removal from service of several transformer types and applications.<\/p>\n<p>Figure 1 shows those data for transformers without OLTCs in power plants. In that statistics the bushings are the main source of failure in transformers, with one third of the occurrences; the active part placed second, virtually tied in second place with the tank and oil, which are the other causes. Those three subsystems of the transformer assembly caused failures that resulted in virtually 84% of the equipments being removed from service.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;1\/3&#8243;][vc_single_image image=&#8221;7482&#8243;][vc_column_text]\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><em><strong>Figure 1 &#8211; Statistics of Plant transformer removal from service without OLTC [1]<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner]<div class=\"vcex-spacing wpex-w-100 wpex-clear\" style=\"height:20px;\"><\/div>[vc_column_text]Based on those statistics and on the previous experience by Eletrobras Eletronorte, variables to be monitored in the step up transformers were chosen, in addition to the necessary data processing funcions, in such a way that the variables measured are turned into useful information for transformer diagnosis and prognosis. The main transformer subsystems were therefore, covered, and this reduced failure risk.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row][vc_column]<div class=\"vcex-spacing wpex-w-100 wpex-clear\"><\/div>[vc_text_separator title=&#8221;3.0 &#8211; TRANSFORMER SENSORS&#8221; element_type=&#8221;h2&#8243; span_background=&#8221;#008242&#8243; span_color=&#8221;#008242&#8243;]<div class=\"vcex-spacing wpex-w-100 wpex-clear\"><\/div>[vc_column_text]The variables measured in the step up transformers at Tucuru\u00ed Power Plant are shown in Table 1, grouped according to the subsystems.[\/vc_column_text]<div class=\"vcex-spacing wpex-w-100 wpex-clear\"><\/div>[vc_column_text]\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span id=\"tablepress-86-description\" class=\"tablepress-table-description tablepress-table-description-id-86\">Variables monitored at the step up transformers grouped according to the subsystems<\/span>\n\n<table id=\"tablepress-86\" class=\"tablepress tablepress-id-86 tbody-has-connected-cells\" aria-describedby=\"tablepress-86-description\">\n<thead>\n<tr class=\"row-1\">\n\t<th class=\"column-1\"><strong>System<\/strong><\/th><th class=\"column-2\"><strong>Sensor<\/strong><\/th><th class=\"column-3\"><strong>Variable<\/strong><\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody class=\"row-striping row-hover\">\n<tr class=\"row-2\">\n\t<td rowspan=\"4\" class=\"column-1\">Bushings<\/td><td rowspan=\"4\" class=\"column-2\">BM (Bushing Monitor)<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">Capacitance<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-3\">\n\t<td class=\"column-3\">Tangent Delta<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-4\">\n\t<td class=\"column-3\">Leakage current<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-5\">\n\t<td class=\"column-3\">Phase-to-ground and phase-to-phase Voltages<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-6\">\n\t<td rowspan=\"8\" class=\"column-1\">Active Part<\/td><td rowspan=\"4\" class=\"column-2\">DTM (Temperature Monitor)<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">Oil Temperature<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-7\">\n\t<td class=\"column-3\">Winding Temperature (hot-spot)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-8\">\n\t<td class=\"column-3\">Ambient temperature<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-9\">\n\t<td class=\"column-3\">Load percentage<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-10\">\n\t<td class=\"column-2\">Gas monitor <\/td><td class=\"column-3\">Hydrogen in oil<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-11\">\n\t<td rowspan=\"3\" class=\"column-2\">Digital Transducer<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">Line Voltage<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-12\">\n\t<td class=\"column-3\">Line Currents<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-13\">\n\t<td class=\"column-3\">Active, reactive and apparent power<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-14\">\n\t<td rowspan=\"6\" class=\"column-1\">Tank and Oil<\/td><td rowspan=\"5\" class=\"column-2\">Moisture Monitor<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">Water in oil Content (ppm)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-15\">\n\t<td class=\"column-3\">Relative water saturation in oil %<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-16\">\n\t<td class=\"column-3\">Ambient Temperature Saturation<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-17\">\n\t<td class=\"column-3\">Reference temperature saturation<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-18\">\n\t<td class=\"column-3\">Water content evolution trend<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-19\">\n\t<td class=\"column-2\">MBR - Rupture Relay<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">Expansion tank bag rupture<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-20\">\n\t<td rowspan=\"8\" class=\"column-1\">Cooling System<\/td><td rowspan=\"4\" class=\"column-2\">DTM (Temperature Monitor)<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">Oil Temperature - exchanger intake<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-21\">\n\t<td class=\"column-3\">Oil Temperature - exchanger outlet<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-22\">\n\t<td class=\"column-3\">Water Temperature - exchanger intake<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-23\">\n\t<td class=\"column-3\">Water Temperature - exchanger outlet<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-24\">\n\t<td rowspan=\"3\" class=\"column-2\">Digital Transducer<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">Oil Pump voltages<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-25\">\n\t<td class=\"column-3\">Oil Pump Currents<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-26\">\n\t<td class=\"column-3\">Oil Pump Power<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-27\">\n\t<td rowspan=\"3\" class=\"column-2\">Data Acquisition Module<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">Cooling Stages on\/off<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-28\">\n\t<td rowspan=\"2\" class=\"column-1\">Other<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">Oil Pump Vibration<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-29\">\n\t<td class=\"column-3\">Alarm Contacts<br \/>\n- Buchholz relay <br \/>\n- Pressure Relief Valve,<br \/>\n- Oil Level, etc.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<!-- #tablepress-86 from cache -->\n[\/vc_column_text]<div class=\"vcex-spacing wpex-w-100 wpex-clear\"><\/div>[vc_column_text]\n<p class=\"Text\"><span lang=\"EN-US\">To entirely fulfill its objectives, the monitoring system must process the data in the table above, so more useful information are obtained on transformer status, as detailed below.<\/span><\/p>\n[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row][vc_column]<div class=\"vcex-spacing wpex-w-100 wpex-clear\"><\/div>[vc_text_separator title=&#8221;4.0 &#8211; DATA PROCESSING FOR DIAGNOSTICS AND PROGNOSTICS&#8221; element_type=&#8221;div&#8221; span_background=&#8221;#008242&#8243; span_color=&#8221;#008242&#8243;]<div class=\"vcex-spacing wpex-w-100 wpex-clear\"><\/div>[vc_column_text]In order to process the data obtained from the sensors mentioned above, the installed monitoring system has in its software an Engineering Module, which includes the Engineering models shown in Table II.[\/vc_column_text]<div class=\"vcex-spacing wpex-w-100 wpex-clear\"><\/div>[vc_row_inner][vc_column_inner][vc_column_text]\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span id=\"tablepress-87-description\" class=\"tablepress-table-description tablepress-table-description-id-87\">Engineering Models for Transformer Status Diagnostics and Prognostics<\/span>\n\n<table id=\"tablepress-87\" class=\"tablepress tablepress-id-87 tbody-has-connected-cells\" aria-describedby=\"tablepress-87-description\">\n<thead>\n<tr class=\"row-1\">\n\t<th class=\"column-1\"><strong>System<\/strong><\/th><th class=\"column-2\"><strong>Engineering Model<\/strong><\/th><th class=\"column-3\"><strong>Diagnostics and Prognostics<\/strong><\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody class=\"row-striping row-hover\">\n<tr class=\"row-2\">\n\t<td rowspan=\"4\" class=\"column-1\">Bushings<\/td><td rowspan=\"4\" class=\"column-2\">Bushing status<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">Capacitance evolution trend (pF\/day)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-3\">\n\t<td class=\"column-3\">Tangent Delta evolution trend (%\/day)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-4\">\n\t<td class=\"column-3\">Remaining time to reach capacitance critic values (days))<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-5\">\n\t<td class=\"column-3\">Remaining time to reach delta tangent critic values (days)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-6\">\n\t<td rowspan=\"15\" class=\"column-1\">Active Part<\/td><td rowspan=\"3\" class=\"column-2\">Insulation aging<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">Insulation Remaining Service Life (%) <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-7\">\n\t<td class=\"column-3\">Insulation Service Life Loss Trend (%\/day)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-8\">\n\t<td class=\"column-3\">Insulation Remaining Service Life (years)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-9\">\n\t<td rowspan=\"4\" class=\"column-2\">Moisture in paper<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">Water content in paper (% dry mass)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-10\">\n\t<td class=\"column-3\">Insulation Hydrolysis Life Loss acceleration factor<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-11\">\n\t<td class=\"column-3\">Bubbling Temperature<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-12\">\n\t<td class=\"column-3\">Free Water Formation Temperature<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-13\">\n\t<td rowspan=\"2\" class=\"column-2\">Gases in oil<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">Hydrogen Evolution Trend (ppm\/day)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-14\">\n\t<td class=\"column-3\">Off-line Gas Chromatography Assay Results<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-15\">\n\t<td rowspan=\"3\" class=\"column-2\">Temperature Forecast<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">Hot Spot Future Temperature after Stabilization<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-16\">\n\t<td class=\"column-3\">Remaining Time to Reach Alarm Temperature<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-17\">\n\t<td class=\"column-3\">Remaining Time to Reach Shutdown Temperature<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-18\">\n\t<td rowspan=\"3\" class=\"column-2\">Simulation<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">Stepped Load Temperature Evolution Simulation<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-19\">\n\t<td class=\"column-3\">Evolution temperature simulation with 24 hours load curve<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-20\">\n\t<td class=\"column-3\">Hypothetical Life Loss<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-21\">\n\t<td rowspan=\"2\" class=\"column-1\">Tank and Oil<\/td><td rowspan=\"2\" class=\"column-2\">Physical-chemical<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">Off-line Physicochemical Assay Result<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-22\">\n\t<td class=\"column-3\">Water content evolution trend (ppm\/day)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-23\">\n\t<td rowspan=\"7\" class=\"column-1\">Cooling System<\/td><td rowspan=\"3\" class=\"column-2\">Cooling Efficiency<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">Top Oil Calculated Temperature<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-24\">\n\t<td class=\"column-3\">Difference between measured and calculated temperatures<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-25\">\n\t<td class=\"column-3\">Cooling System Efficiency<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-26\">\n\t<td rowspan=\"4\" class=\"column-2\">Manuten\u00e7\u00e3o do resfriamento<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">Cooling Group Total Operating Time<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-27\">\n\t<td class=\"column-3\">Cooling Group Operating Time after Maintenance<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-28\">\n\t<td class=\"column-3\">Cooling Group Remaining Time until Maintenance<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-29\">\n\t<td class=\"column-3\">Pump Vibration Alarm<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<!-- #tablepress-87 from cache -->\n[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner]<div class=\"vcex-spacing wpex-w-100 wpex-clear\"><\/div>[vc_column_text]Therefore, the raw data from the sensors allow us to obtain useful information for diagnosis and prognosis of the transformer status [2], [3].[\/vc_column_text]<div class=\"vcex-spacing wpex-w-100 wpex-clear\"><\/div>[vc_text_separator title=&#8221;5.0 &#8211; MONITORING SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE&#8221; element_type=&#8221;div&#8221; span_color=&#8221;#008842&#8243;]<div class=\"vcex-spacing wpex-w-100 wpex-clear\"><\/div>[vc_column_text]Figure 2 shows the architecture of the step up transformer monitoring system at the Tucuru\u00ed Plant.<\/p>\n<p>Variable measurement already shown in Table I is done through smart IED sensors (Intelligent Electronic Devices), designed and tested specifically to be used in the substation yard environment. This allows them to be installed directly on the transformer body.<\/p>\n<p>Those sensors have communication ports which allow direct connection to a communication network, and this makes possible to transmit the measurements directly to a server in the plant&#8217;s control room. The structure of the Eletrobr\u00e1s Eletronorte Intranet is also used for this, making installation easier and reducing costs.<\/p>\n<p>The Specialist Sigma Monitoring Software is run in the Server Control Room, and it processes the data shown in Table II.<\/p>\n<p>Through Eletrobr\u00e1s Eletronorte Intranet, the users have remote access to the monitoring system, through the HTML page interface, with Web 2.0 technology.[\/vc_column_text]<div class=\"vcex-spacing wpex-w-100 wpex-clear\"><\/div>[vc_single_image image=&#8221;7720&#8243; alignment=&#8221;center&#8221;][vc_column_text]\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><em><strong>Figure 2 &#8211; Step up transformer monitoring system architecture<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n[\/vc_column_text]<div class=\"vcex-spacing wpex-w-100 wpex-clear\"><\/div>[vc_column_text]The architecture chosen by Eletrobras Eletronorte is decentralized [4], that is, it does not use a centralizer element on the transformer body, and with this it avoids additional costs and eliminates a failure point [5]. That architecture has also brought some additional benefits for the installation, listed below:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Due to the modularity of the system, it can be easily expanded to several transformers in the plant;<\/li>\n<li>This also allows the system to be expanded to other equipments in the plant, such as circuit breakers, disconnect switches, Tap Changers etc.<\/li>\n<li>The system can be expanded with the addition of new sensors.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n[\/vc_column_text]<div class=\"vcex-spacing wpex-w-100 wpex-clear\"><\/div>[vc_text_separator title=&#8221;6.0 &#8211; MONITORING SOFTWARE FUNCTIONALITIES&#8221; element_type=&#8221;div&#8221; span_background=&#8221;#008242&#8243; span_color=&#8221;#008242&#8243;][vc_row_inner][vc_column_inner]<div class=\"vcex-spacing wpex-w-100 wpex-clear\"><\/div>[vc_column_text]The main functionalities made available by the monitoring software are:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Local access at the plant or remote access at any point of the Eletrobras Eletronorte network, through Webpages, with no need to install plugins in the users\u2019 computers;<\/li>\n<li>Possibility of remote access through Smartphones, as long as the access is allowed by the system and network.<\/li>\n<li>Alerts can be sent by email or SMS if alarms or diagnostics alerts are issued.<\/li>\n<li>Sensor data storage and engineering model storage in SQL Server Databases, keeping a history of the whole transformer life;<\/li>\n<li>Online data or data history viewing;<\/li>\n<li>Check the history through graphs, tables or exportation for XLS file (MS Excel);<\/li>\n<li>Alarm Issuer Interface with database record of the beginning, recognition and finalization of the alerts and alarms;<\/li>\n<li>Recording of all of the accesses and operations by the users in the system;<\/li>\n<li>Access protected by username and password, with access category specific for each user: Viewer, Operator and Manager.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][vc_row_inner][vc_column_inner]<div class=\"vcex-spacing wpex-w-100 wpex-clear\"><\/div>[vc_text_separator title=&#8221;7.0 &#8211; SYSTEM INSTALLATION&#8221; element_type=&#8221;div&#8221; span_background=&#8221;#008242&#8243; span_color=&#8221;#008242&#8243;]<div class=\"vcex-spacing wpex-w-100 wpex-clear\"><\/div>[vc_column_text]A monitoring system was installed on the first transformer, and started to operate in 2006. It has been subsequently expanded to three other equipments, currently monitoring four step up transformers.<\/p>\n<p>Sensor installation is still in progress as well as the system expansion to more step up transformers.<\/p>\n<p>The modularity features and expansibility of the decentralized architecture used for this kind of applications are significant.<\/p>\n<p>Figures 3 through 9 below show details of the installation:[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner]<div class=\"vcex-spacing wpex-w-100 wpex-clear\"><\/div>[vc_row_inner][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;1\/2&#8243;][vc_single_image image=&#8221;7722&#8243; img_size=&#8221;medium&#8221; alignment=&#8221;center&#8221;][vc_column_text]\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><em><strong>Figure 3 &#8211;\u00a0One of the step up transformers, 378 MVA 13.8\/550 kV<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n[\/vc_column_text]<div class=\"vcex-spacing wpex-w-100 wpex-clear\"><\/div>[vc_single_image image=&#8221;7724&#8243; img_size=&#8221;medium&#8221; alignment=&#8221;center&#8221;][vc_column_text]\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><em><strong>Figure 5 &#8211; Moisture monitor (above) and gas in oil monitor<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n[\/vc_column_text]<div class=\"vcex-spacing wpex-w-100 wpex-clear\"><\/div>[\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;1\/2&#8243;][vc_single_image image=&#8221;7723&#8243; img_size=&#8221;medium&#8221; alignment=&#8221;center&#8221;][vc_column_text]\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><em><strong>Figure 4 &#8211; Detail of the installation of the adaptors in the capacitive taps of the 550 kV bushings, for capacitance and tangent delta monitoring<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n[\/vc_column_text]<div class=\"vcex-spacing wpex-w-100 wpex-clear\"><\/div>[vc_single_image image=&#8221;7714&#8243; img_size=&#8221;medium&#8221; alignment=&#8221;center&#8221;][vc_column_text]\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><em><strong>Figure 6 &#8211; Top oil temperature (left) and ambient temperature sensors<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n[\/vc_column_text]<div class=\"vcex-spacing wpex-w-100 wpex-clear\"><\/div>[\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][vc_row_inner][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;1\/3&#8243;][vc_single_image image=&#8221;7715&#8243; img_size=&#8221;medium&#8221; alignment=&#8221;center&#8221;][vc_column_text]\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><em><strong>Figure 7 &#8211; Oil intake temperature sensors and heat exchanger water outlet <\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;1\/3&#8243;][vc_single_image image=&#8221;7716&#8243; img_size=&#8221;medium&#8221; alignment=&#8221;center&#8221;][vc_column_text]\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><em><strong>Figure 8 &#8211; Intelligent Sensor Panel (IEDs) on a transformer&#8217;s body<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;1\/3&#8243;][vc_single_image image=&#8221;7717&#8243; img_size=&#8221;medium&#8221; alignment=&#8221;center&#8221;][vc_column_text]\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><em><strong>Figure 9\u00a0&#8211; Control Room monitoring Server<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][vc_row_inner][vc_column_inner]<div class=\"vcex-spacing wpex-w-100 wpex-clear\"><\/div>[vc_text_separator title=&#8221;8.0 &#8211; RESULTS OBTAINED&#8221; element_type=&#8221;div&#8221; span_color=&#8221;#008842&#8243;]<div class=\"vcex-spacing wpex-w-100 wpex-clear\"><\/div>[vc_column_text]Several results were obtained with the installation and operation of the aforementioned monitoring system. The following goals were attained:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Reduction in the global value of insurance premium of the Eletrobr\u00e1s Eletronorte facilities, because the insurance company understands the risk is being mitigated.<\/li>\n<li>Reduction in the catastrophic failure risk, with the detection of the failures at their inception [6], [7];<\/li>\n<li>Consequently, plant workers, the equipment and the facility are safer.<\/li>\n<li>Equipment service life is increased when accelerated aging conditions are immediately detected.<\/li>\n<li>Preservation of the corporate image, with the reduction of chances of an accident;<\/li>\n<li>Maintenance routine optimization, allowing the gradual migration from preventive to predictive maintenance based on the equipment status instead of based on time;<\/li>\n<li>Preparation of the equipment for the application of the RCM philosophy (Reliability Centered Maintenance).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Since the installation of those systems is done whenever there are long interruptions of service for maintenance, failures are rarely detected at the time the equipment starts to operate. However, the system has recently shown an \u201coil flow absence\u2019 alarm in one of the oil circulation pumps. This prompted the maintenance team to go check what was happening in the field. The pump was stopping due to overload, which could lead to overheating of the transformer and consequent forced shutdown of the unit. This event serves as an example of the benefits of the online monitoring implantation.<\/p>\n<p>With the graph generation tool available in the monitoring software (Fig. 10), the evolution of defects can be watched in real time, and this allows the comparative analysis between several operational values. This has also made this analysis easier, and increased the reliability on the failure diagnosis issued.[\/vc_column_text]<div class=\"vcex-spacing wpex-w-100 wpex-clear\"><\/div>[vc_single_image image=&#8221;7718&#8243; alignment=&#8221;center&#8221;][vc_column_text]\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><em>Figure 10\u00a0&#8211; Monitoring software graph generation tool.<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n[\/vc_column_text]<div class=\"vcex-spacing wpex-w-100 wpex-clear\"><\/div>[\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][vc_row_inner][vc_column_inner][vc_text_separator title=&#8221;9.0 &#8211; CONCLUSION&#8221; element_type=&#8221;div&#8221; span_color=&#8221;#008842&#8243;]<div class=\"vcex-spacing wpex-w-100 wpex-clear\"><\/div>[vc_column_text]\n<p class=\"Text\"><span lang=\"EN-US\">Considering the importance of power supply by Tucuru\u00ed Plant to the SIN, the implantation of an online monitoring system for its step up transformers is a measure of great importance to increase the reliability and availability of the electric system.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"Text\"><span lang=\"EN-US\">With the implantation of the system, Eletrobr\u00e1s Eletronorte attained a very important objective: a significant reduction of the insurance premium, because the risk was mitigated. In addition to that, the installation of monitoring systems gets a positive assessment by the insurance companies. With this, it is easier to buy insurance for the Eletrobras Eletronorte facilities.<\/span><\/p>\n[\/vc_column_text]<div class=\"vcex-spacing wpex-w-100 wpex-clear\"><\/div>[vc_text_separator title=&#8221;10.0 &#8211; REFERENCES&#8221; element_type=&#8221;div&#8221; span_color=&#8221;#008842&#8243;]<div class=\"vcex-spacing wpex-w-100 wpex-clear\"><\/div>[\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][vc_column_text]\n<ol>\n<li>ELECTRA, \u201cAn International Survey on Failures in Large Power Transformers in Service\u201d, Paris, CIGRE, Ref. no. 88, 1983.<\/li>\n<li>Amom, Jorge, Alves, Marcos, Vita, Andr\u00e9, Kastrup Filho, Oscar, Ribeiro, Adolfo, et. al., \u201cSistema de Diagn\u00f3sticos para o Monitoramento de Subesta\u00e7\u00f5es de Alta Tens\u00e3o e o Gerenciamento das Atividades de Manuten\u00e7\u00e3o: Integra\u00e7\u00e3o e Aplica\u00e7\u00f5es\u201d, X ERLAC &#8211; Encontro Regional Latinoamericano do CIGR\u00c9, Puerto Iguazu, Argentina, 2003.<\/li>\n<li>Alves, Marcos, \u201cSistema de Monitora\u00e7\u00e3o On-Line de Transformadores de Pot\u00eancia\u201d, Revista Eletricidade Moderna, Maio\/2004.<\/li>\n<li>Vasconcellos, M. Alves, \u201cEspecifica\u00e7\u00e3o de Sistemas de Monitora\u00e7\u00e3o On-line para Transformadores de Pot\u00eancia Baseados em uma Arquitetura Descentralizada&#8221;, V Workspot, Brasil, Abril 2008.<\/li>\n<li>Lavieri Jr., Arthur, Hering, Ricardo, \u201cNovos Conceitos em Sistemas de Energia de Alta Confiabilidade\u201d, Encarte Especial Siemens Energia, http:\/\/ mediaibox.siemens.com.br\/upfiles\/232.pdf, Janeiro\/2001.<\/li>\n<li>Melo, Marcos A. C., Alves, Marcos, \u201cExperi\u00eancia com Monitora\u00e7\u00e3o On-Line de Capacit\u00e2ncia e Tangente Delta de Buchas Condensivas\u201d, XIX SNPTEE \u2013 Semin\u00e1rio Nacional de Produ\u00e7\u00e3o e Transmiss\u00e3o de Energia El\u00e9trica. Rio de Janeiro, Brasil, 2007.<\/li>\n<li>Alves, Marcos, Silva, Gilson, \u201cExperi\u00eancia de Campo com Monitora\u00e7\u00e3o On-Line de um Transformador 343MVA 230kV com 2 Comutadores sob Carga\u201d, IV Workspot \u2013 Workshop on Power Transformers, Recife, Brasil, 2005.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row]\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>[vc_row][vc_column width=&#8221;2\/3&#8243;][vc_column_text] Abstract The Step Up Transformers at the Tucuru\u00ed Hydroelectric Power Plant are very important for the National Interconnected System (SIN). Due to that, and due to the severe work conditions, Eletrobr\u00e1s Eletronorte has always kept a rigorous preventive maintenance program for these equipments. However, transformer failure history in the first powerhouse (older ones)&hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":5381,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[135],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-7735","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-generation","entry","has-media"],"acf":[],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/treetech.com.br\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7735","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/treetech.com.br\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/treetech.com.br\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/treetech.com.br\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/treetech.com.br\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=7735"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/treetech.com.br\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7735\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/treetech.com.br\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/5381"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/treetech.com.br\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=7735"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/treetech.com.br\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=7735"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/treetech.com.br\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=7735"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}